New Study Reveals Two-Stage Brain Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease
Researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have discovered that Alzheimer’s disease may damage the brain in two distinct stages. The first stage occurs slowly and silently, affecting only a few cell types before memory issues arise. The second stage is marked by rapid damage and the onset of symptoms, including the accumulation of plaques and tangles.
Early and Late Phases of Brain Damage
According to Richard J. Hodes, M.D., director of the NIH National Institute on Aging, much of the brain damage happens before symptoms appear. This new understanding could lead to better diagnosis and treatment. The study, published in Nature Neuroscience, analyzed the brains of 84 individuals, revealing that damage to inhibitory neurons in the early phase may trigger neural circuit problems.
Advanced Genetic Analysis
Scientists used advanced genetic tools to study the middle temporal gyrus, a brain area controlling language, memory, and vision. They compared data from Alzheimer’s patients with control donors to create a timeline of disease progression. The study suggests that early changes occur gradually, while the second phase sees rapid changes coinciding with memory problems.
New Insights and Future Research
The research also highlighted the role of inhibitory neurons and the potential involvement of the REELIN gene and astrocytes in Alzheimer’s. The study was part of the Seattle Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Cell Atlas project, led by Mariano I. Gabitto, Ph.D., and Kyle J. Travaglini, Ph.D., from the Allen Institute, Seattle. John Ngai, Ph.D., director of The BRAIN Initiative, emphasized the importance of new technologies in understanding Alzheimer’s and developing targeted treatments.
Doubts Revealed
NIH -: NIH stands for the National Institutes of Health. It is a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for medical research.
Alzheimer’s Disease -: Alzheimer’s Disease is a condition that affects the brain, causing memory loss and confusion. It mostly affects older people.
Inhibitory Neurons -: Inhibitory neurons are special brain cells that help control and balance brain activity. They make sure the brain doesn’t get too excited.
Middle Temporal Gyrus -: The middle temporal gyrus is a part of the brain that helps with understanding language and recognizing objects. It’s important for memory and processing information.
Genetic Tools -: Genetic tools are special methods used by scientists to study genes and how they work. They help in understanding diseases and finding treatments.