ARCI Develops Laser Technology to Improve Car Engines
Researchers at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), an autonomous R&D centre under the Department of Science and Technology, have developed a new technique called nanosecond laser surface texturing. This method aims to improve lubrication within internal combustion (IC) engines and address the challenge of friction and wear between moving parts.
Why is This Important?
Internal combustion engines are crucial for modern transportation, with millions of vehicles operating worldwide. However, these engines face efficiency issues due to energy loss from friction and wear. Nearly 50% of the energy supplied to these engines is lost through thermal and frictional dissipation, with 70%-80% of these losses occurring in the piston rings.
How Does It Work?
ARCI researchers use lasers with a 100-nanosecond pulse duration and a wavelength of 527 nanometres to create precise surface textures on gray cast iron components like piston rings and cylinder liners. These micro-textures, including micro-grooves and micro-crosshatch patterns, enhance lubrication by acting as reservoirs for lubricants, trapping wear debris, and improving hydrodynamic lubrication.
Benefits of the Technology
Traditional methods like vibe rolling, abrasive machining, and chemical etching often result in non-uniform patterns and inconsistent performance. In contrast, nanosecond laser surface texturing provides superior control over the texture shape and size, resulting in more reliable and reproducible outcomes. The technology has shown significant improvements in friction reduction and wear resistance through rigorous tests.
Wider Applications
The benefits of this technology extend beyond internal combustion engines. By reducing friction and wear, nanosecond laser surface texturing can enhance performance across various industries, including automotive and manufacturing. Its cost-effectiveness makes it a practical solution for industrial applications, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective solutions in friction and wear management.
Doubts Revealed
ARCI -: ARCI stands for the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials. It is a research center in India that works on advanced materials and technologies.
Laser Technology -: Laser technology uses focused light beams to cut, shape, or modify materials. In this case, it is used to improve car engines.
Internal Combustion Engines -: Internal combustion engines are engines that burn fuel inside them to create power. They are commonly used in cars and motorcycles.
Nanosecond Laser Surface Texturing -: Nanosecond laser surface texturing is a technique that uses very short laser pulses to create tiny patterns on surfaces. This helps reduce friction and wear on engine parts.
Lubrication -: Lubrication is the process of applying a substance like oil to reduce friction between moving parts. It helps engines run smoothly.
Friction -: Friction is the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. Reducing friction helps machines work better and last longer.
Wear -: Wear is the damage that happens to materials when they are used over time. Reducing wear helps parts last longer.
Engine Efficiency -: Engine efficiency is how well an engine converts fuel into power. Better efficiency means the engine uses less fuel to do the same work.
Automotive Industry -: The automotive industry includes companies and activities involved in the design, development, manufacturing, and selling of motor vehicles.
Manufacturing Industry -: The manufacturing industry involves making products from raw materials using various processes, machines, and tools.